The hypothesis is as values of the light intensity increases, the production of oxygen gas will also increase. Photosynthesis occurs only in the presence of light, and takes place in the chloroplasts of green plant cells. Therefore when the light is moved twice as far from the plant it will receive a quarter of the energy. Beyond a certain concentration of Carbon Dioxide the rate of photosynthesis will stop increasing as it also limited by water and light intensity. The light intensity range for most plants falls between 1,200 and 2,000 lumens (measurement of light intensity). 1] above which the rate does not increase because the light saturation point has been reached and Photosynthetic organisms form the basis of the food chain. Students can measure the rate over time. However, at high light intensities the rate becomes constant. The two graphs below is an interpretation of the table above, this graph is simpler to read. 3) Miscount of bubbles – I may have miscounted the bubbles therefore my result can be inaccurate. Background: Photosynthesis is the process by which plant cells use light energy for the biosynthesis of cellular components. Graphs may show the interactions between three different factors, the graph below shows the relationship between temperature, carbon dioxide as light intensity is increased: This table shows my results after I completed the actual experiment; I filled in the table as I went along and ended up with good results. light intensity is one of the factors that affect the rate of photosynthesis and that is what our experiment is based on: There are a few factors that effect photosynthesis, they are as follows: Background light – The amount of light in the room, I won’t be able to do a perfect experiment each time but can get the light in the room around the same level each time we do the experiment this can be done by making sure the whole room is dark and the only light source is the lamp we are using for the test. The plant will be exposed to different light intensity in order to establish the correlation between light and rate of photosynthesis. Light is essential for photosynthesis. Place the lamp (the only light source) at distance from the plant. At low light intensities above the light compensation point (LCP), photosynthetic rate increases proportionally to the light intensity and reaches a maximum. The graph shows the effect of light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis in the tomato plants growing in the greenhouse. Now I have done my preliminary experiment I will do the actual experiment, hoping it to be more accurate and efficient. In photosynthesis, a plant takes carbon dioxide from the air and water from the soil and uses the light from sunlight to turn them into food. We also learnt that if the light intensity was too high than the rate of photosynthesis will not work this is because the enzymes denature if the temperature was to be too high, I did not find this out by doing my investigation, this information was found on the internet after some research. Before doing my actual experiment I have decided to do a preliminary investigation; I have done this to overcome errors and mistakes. Other factors are concentration of carbon dioxide, temperature and to a lesser degree, water. The light intensity percentage has to be calibrated against some particular intensity The rate of photosynthesis is indirectly measured by counting the number of bubbles of air (oxygen) produced by the water weed. Controlled Variables Amount of background light, volume of indicator, carbon dioxide concentration in water, temperature of water, lamp (bulb), colour of indicator at start, length of pondweed, species of pondweed, concentration of indicator, healthiness of pondweed and observer. This is the rate of photosynthesis at that particular light intensity. The color of light affects the rate of photosynthesis when the production of oxygen increases at 450 nm (blue), drops, then rises again at 660 nm (orange). The plant is unable to harvest the light at these high intensities and the chlorophyll system can be damaged by very intense light levels. In this simulation, one cannot take the quantitative observations in absolute terms. The oxygen will be measured by the amount of bubbles produced from the plant for a certain amount of time. Light intensity directly affects the light-dependent reaction in photosynthesis and indirectly affects the light-independent reaction. Place a pond weed Elodea upside in a test tube containing water. The rate of photosynthesis is affected by light intensity, temperature, carbon dioxide concentrations, and chlorophyll. The rate of photosynthesis is directly proportional to light intensity and inversely proportional to the distance from a light source. Too high or too low PAR intensities adversely affect the photosynthetic machinery. a limiting factor - becomes in short supply. The number of light photons hitting the chlorophyll pigments increase as the light intensity rises. I feel that my experiment was positive overall; however I thought there were many points at which the accuracy was not perfect such as my preliminary experiment which was not accurate enough to justify being used as my main experiment, mostly due to the fact that I was relying on all the bubbles being the same size, which they clearly weren’t, (I did realise during the experiment there was no way round this matter) however many of the smaller inaccuracies also apply to my main experiment. € (1) 1 arbitrary unit 4 arbitrary units 10 arbitrary units The inverse square law tells us that the intensity of light is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from the source. Increasing the light intensity increases the rate of photosynthesis, until some other factor - a limiting factor - becomes in short supply. As light intensity, also known as Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density (PPFD) in the world of horticulture, increases, so does the rate of photosynthesis, up until a certain point called the saturation point. I predict that as the light intensity increases that the rate of photosynthesis will increase in proportion, so for example if you increase the light intensity from 10cm away to 20 cm away form a stationary plant. 2000; Marques da Silva and Arrabac 2004). For most crop plants, even a slight increase or decrease in light intensity leads to considerable changes in leaf morphology and structure (Wu et al., 2017). In this experiment, the light intensity is changed by changing the distance of the source of light closer or further away from the elodea, so theoretically, when the intensity becomes stronger due to the light source being closer to the Elodea, the rate of photosynthesis should increase and therefore the number of oxygen bubbles will increase too. At very low light levels the plant will be respiring only not photosynthesising. This is a practical lesson on the photosynthesis module of the AQA 2018 specification. The aim of my experiment is to find out how light intensity affects the rate of photosynthesis. Graph 1.1 shows the rate distance by light intensity, this graph shows the less amount of light intensity the higher the rate distance. Why is this? A plant is shown in a beaker and test tube which bubbles to indicate the rate of photosynthesis. The graph above is an interpretation of the tables above the graph. If the temperature gets too high then the enzyme will be denatured and the rate of reaction with decrease. Count the number of oxygen bubbles given off by the plant in 1 minute period. Plants need light energy to make the chemical energy needed to create carbohydrates. The rate itself is relative rather than absolute. In my investigation I am going to establish the effect of changing light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis. The effect is that the higher the light intensity the increase in the amount of bubbles produced, this bubble produced from the plant is oxygen. Two students were investigating the effect of light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis of elodea, an aquatic plant. This in turn increases the rate of photosynthesis. This is a fully planned lesson with learning checkpoints, tasks, information and activities for students to do. Experiments and research show that increasing light intensity results in the increase of photosynthetic activity. Photosynthesis comes about when trapped light energy turns into carbon dioxide and water into a solution called glucose and oxygen. I have produced a table and graph to show the effect on the rate of photosynthesis when light intensity is increased or decreased. The reason that light intensity does affect the rate of photosynthesis is because as light, and therefore energy, falls on the chloroplasts in a leaf, it is trapped by the chlorophyll, which then makes the energy available for chemical reactions in the plant. 2) Thermometer – I did not have a thermometer therefore I couldn’t measure the temperature. I and my group all learnt that after an intensive investigation into how the rate of photosynthesis is affected by the amount of light intensity that the higher the light intensity the faster the rate of reaction. Both lines level off, this shows that light intensity is no longer the limiting factor. The graph, in a simpler way, shows that the higher the light intensity the faster the rate of photosynthesis. Use of microorganisms and fermenter to manufacture enzymes, Use of microorganisms to manufacture antibiotic penicillin, Main nutrients: carbohydrates, fats and proteins, Food test 2 - Benedict's test for Reducing Sugars, Food test 3 - Emulsion (ethanol) test for Fats, Other Nutrients: Vitamins, Minerals, Fiber and Water, Using microorganism in making yoghurt and single cell protein, Food additives - uses, benefits and health hazards, Use of modern technology for increasing food production, Problems of world food supplies and the causes of famine, Absorption – function of the small intestine and significance of villi, Photosynthesis investigations - Principles and Starch test, Effect of Light intensity on the rate of Photosynthesis, Effect of Temperature on the Rate of Photosynthesis, Effect of Carbon Dioxide on the Rate of Photosynthesis, Optimum conditions for photosynthesis in Green house, Plant's mineral requirements and fertilisers, Distribution of Xylem and Phloem in roots, stems and leaves, Passage of water through root, stem and leaf, Transpiration in plants and factors affecting tranpiration rate, Adaptations of the leaf, stem and root to different environments, Translocation of applied chemicals throughout the plant, Transport of materials from sources to sinks at different seasons, Effect of exercise on heartbeat and causes of a coronary heart disease, Arteries, veins and capillaries - structure and functions, Immune system - antibody, tissue rejection. My aim is to determine the effect of light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis. Keywords: apple, drought stress, photosynthesis, photoprotection though restriction of CO2 diffusion from the air into carbox- ylation sites under mild to moderate drought conditions (Escalona et al. Place excess sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) in the water to give a constant saturated solution of CO2. As with any other enzyme-controlled reaction, the rate of photosynthesis is affected by temperature. By varying light intensity against the controlled variable of no light and outdoor light, its effects on the rate of photosynthesis were examined by measuring the oxygen gas produced by each light intensity. As the temperature increases so does the rate of photosynthesis, up until a certain point. As the light intensity increases the rate of photosynthesis at 15℃ is lower than 25℃. Prediction: – I forecast that the increase in the light intensity will increase the rate of photosynthesis by giving out more oxygen via bubbles. This is the rate of photosynthesis at that particular light intensity. Carbon dioxide – The concentration of Carbon dioxide is another factor that can affect our experiment. Here I have drawn out my method; I was not able to do it on computer as I didn’t know how to so I’ve drawn it instead. This helps to maintain a constant temperature around the pond weed. Graph the results placing light intensity on the x-axis. After I have completed my experiment, I produced a graph which shows that when the light was 3cm away from the plant 18 bubbles were produced and when the light was 6cm away from the plant 17 bubbles were produced. water and carbon dioxide and a suitable temperature. 1) Background light – Light from other sources such as room light may have affected the results. As photosynthesis is controlled by enzymes as the temperature increases the rate of photosynthesis increases to an optimum then decreases. Increasing the light intensity increases the rate of photosynthesis, until some other factor - a limiting factor - becomes in short supply. Light intensity - Usually investigated by moving a plant closer to a light source and recording the O2 produced. Figure 1: equipment for making the algal balls. In this experiment the rate of photosynthesis is measured by counting the number of bubbles rising from the cut end of a piece of Elodea. Light is a very important factor when it comes to the process of photosynthesis, without light the reaction cannot be carried out and no glucose can be made. Why is this? Investigate the factors of – Independent variable – I am changing the light intensity. – Dependent variable – I am measuring the rate of photosynthesis. The intensity of light at different distances from a light source can be described by the inverse square law. The effect is that the higher the light intensity the increase in the amount of bubbles produced, this bubble produced from the plant is oxygen. Green plant cells that are placed in the dark will not photosynthesis. To overcome the problems above I will have to make sure to block off all other light entering the room other than the lamps light, to use a thermometer for accurate temperatures, use more pupils to count the bubbles with me and to make sure the distance of the light from the plant is accurate. The plant will be soaked into water so the oxygen can be measured easily. Increasing the light intensity will boost the speed of photosynthesis. Light intensity is a factor that affects the rate of photosynthesis. 1) Which of the visual elements can best be…, The effect of light intensity on the rate of…, In this unit you’ve been learning all about plants.…, Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Cellular…, set up and solve a case-study example of the…, Comparing development trends in China with other middle-income countries. An increase in light intensity will produce an increase in the rate of photosynthesis until a level of light intensity is reached [normally 38% . This clearly shows that the higher the light intensity the higher the amount of oxygen (bubbles) produced and the lower the light intensity (the further the light is away from the plant) the lower the amount of oxygen (bubbles) produced. 4) Distance of light – The distance of the light from the plant may not have been accurate; this can be due to that no one else verified that the distance was accurate. To accomplish this I will have to control the amount of water, carbon dioxide and light. The rate of photosynthesis can be controlled by the guard cells opening and closing the stomata . Several factors can affect the rate of photosynthesis: light intensity; carbon dioxide concentration; temperature; The amount of chlorophyll The greater the light intensity is, the oxygen production is also greater. Tick ( ) one box. However, if the light intensity is increased above a certain threshold, the rate of photosynthesis will not increase because another factor (such as temperature) is limiting the rate of the reaction. After I have carried out my experiment I have discovered that the light intensity has an effect on the rate of photosynthesis. I estimate that the error could have been up to 0.5cm. Most of the glucose is turned into a substance called starch. Light intensity and quality are among the most critical environmental factors for crop physiology and biochemistry (Yang et al., 2018a). I have come about this answer because for a fact photosynthesis occurs in light only and the rate of reaction is quicker in a warmer condition, so therefore if this condition is colder then the results will be the opposite which is that fewer bubbles (oxygen) will be produced. I counted the bubbles 4 times as you can see on the tables to be sure and make the experiment fair, the table shows that the higher the light intensity the faster the rate of reaction, this tables proves my prediction for the actual experiment. -length in double Rate distance Amount of oxygen, 3cm 5.7 5.7 5.7 5.7 30 30 30.5 30.1 3.5 19 15.9 12.8 1.2 3% 3% 3% 3%, 6cm 5.8 5.8 5.8 5.8 30 30 30 30 7.5 9 19.5 12 1.2 3% 3% 3% 3%, 9cm 5.7 5.7 5.7 5.7 30.5 30 30 30.1 20.2 19.5 15.5 18.4 1.8 3% 3% 3% 3%, 12cm 5.7 5.7 5.7 5.7 30 30 30 30 11 17.8 20 16.2 1.6 3% 3% 3% 3%, 15cm 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6 30 30 30 30 19.9 13.3 17.7 16.8 1.6 3% 3% 3% 3%. In this table compared to the preliminary experiment table has more data, also compared to the table for the preliminary experiment this table shows the amount of light intensity, temperature, distance, travel length in double, rate distance and amount of oxygen all of this data also shows an “Avg” sign after the numbers this sign means average, so, this table is more detailed and accurate than the table for the preliminary experiment. Create your own unique website with customizable templates. Heat from other sources – Heat from sunlight which comes through the window into our classroom also can alter our experiment because it gives out heat which speeds up the reaction making our experiment unfair. Photosynthesis is controlled by an enzyme. Box 1: Photosynthesis, respiration and carbon dioxide. Light intensity is one of the factors affecting the rate of photosynthesis. These life forms include higher plants, algae, certain protists and … The reason why plants have leaves, roots or being green is all linked to photosynthesis. Aim. This is because light plays a major role in photosynthesis, it helps the leaf to give out oxygen and take in carbon dioxide from the atmosphere which is polluting our world. Also the distance of the light will have to be controlled by undertaking this there should be different levels of oxygen escaping the plant. However, for photosynthesis at temperatures above 40°C the rate slows down. Place the tube in a beaker of fresh water at 25°C. Photosynthesis AP Biology 2020 Essential Question: How does light intensity affect the rate of photosynthesis in Elodea? After I have carried out my experiment I have discovered that the light intensity has an effect on the rate of photosynthesis. Place the lamp (the only light source) at distance from the plant. The table above shows my results after I completed the preliminary experiment. During this whole process some oxygen is given off. I come about this prediction because I know that the higher the temperature the faster the rate of photosynthesis is and the light produces the heat so I think the higher the intensity of the light the faster reaction there is. This can affect the rate of photosynthesis, since if there is too little or more or carbon dioxide, this matter cannot be solved in any particular way. Living material (including plant, animal, fungus or bacteria) is always respiring and the algae in this experiment are no exception. Graph 1.2 shows the amount of bubbles (oxygen) by distance (cm), clearly you can see that the oxygen level remains the same as the distance from the lamp is changed; this was not expected to happen therefore this graph maybe incorrect. At high light intensities the rate becomes. light intensity: As light intensity increases so does the rate of photosynthesis, until something Background light, heat from other sources and carbon dioxide all played a nuisance during my investigation; background light may have a affected the rate of photosynthesis and heat from other sources may have speeded up the reaction, I realised all this factors above during my preliminary experiment which help me overcome other errors as well so when it came down to the actual experiment itself I knew what errors to overcome and made sure background light and other factors effecting my investigation were dealt with so ill have a fair investigation. The gas should be checked to prove that it is indeed oxygen - relights a glowing splint. As temperature increases, the rate of photosynthesis increases as the reaction is controlled by enzymes However, as the reaction is controlled by enzymes, this trend only continues up to a certain temperature beyond which the enzymes begin to denature and the rate of … While the higher photorespiration rate (Pr) under stronger light condition was mainly caused by faster water loss rate of light. Oxygen is also produced in photosynthesis, plants don’t really need oxygen so they give it out as a waste product but saves a little bit to use for respiration. Light intensity - Increasing light intensity increases the rate of photosynthesis because more energy is provided. Light intensity and the rate of photosynthesis – student notes: p. 2. Photosynthesis is how plants get their food. Count the number of oxygen bubbles given off by the plant in 1 minute period. Prediction. Repeat at different light intensities by moving the lamp to different distances. Different plant species have different saturation points, where the rate of photosynthesis flat lines. The sunlight is absorbed by a green pigment called chlorophyll. Photosynthesis can be defined as the production of simple sugars (glucose) from carbon dioxide and water causing the release of sugar and oxygen. – Controlled variable – I am going to keep the level of carbon dioxide the same. According to past comparative studies, the dry matter of roots, stems, leaves, and whole plant as well as the photosynthe… For this experiment I predict that the further the light is from the leaf the fewer bubbles will be produced. Also light helps photosynthesis to produce food for the plants and makes the plant produce fruits or vegetables such as apples and tomatoes. Investigating the effect of light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis (6) -@beginning of investigation, rate of photosynthesis in water plant increases as light is move closer to plant which increases light intensity and this tells us that light is acting as a limiting factor The process of photosynthesis is plants producing oxygen. Place excess sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) in the water to give a constant saturated solution of CO2. (i)€€€€€ At which light intensity was light a limiting factor for photosynthesis? In this virtual photosynthesis lab, students can manipulate the light intensity, light color, and distance from the light source. PAR intensity is an important factor that determines the rate of photosynthesis. This is clearly shown when, the light is 3cm away from the plant, the rate of the bubbles is 36.5 and when the light is further away at 15cm the rate of bubbles is 23, as you can see there appears to be a less amount of bubbles produced when the light is further away from the plant, this backs up my prediction which is the higher the light intensity the higher the amount of bubbles produced. So, the light intensity causes a change to the rate of photosynthesis. After exposing the elodea to different amounts of light, the students counted the number of … B4 - Bioenergetics. sis y As light intensity increases so does the rate of photosynthesis until lack of another This can be calcu… Firstly, the distance between the light sources and the plant were not measured to a very high degree of accuracy, especially when you note the fact that the distance should have been measured exactly from the filament of the light bulb to the centre of the plant( I couldn’t actually measure from the filament of the light bulb as glass was around it and the light bulb was very hot), and it is possible to find a percentage error. What is Photosynthesis? Play this game to review Cell Structure. Ruler (used to measure the distance between the lamp and the leaf). The chemical reactions involved in photosynthesis are controlled by enzymes. They exposed elodea to different amounts of light.
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